As I understand it because it is not water soluble the turmeric has to be mixed with a cold press oil (olive, coconut,flax) and the pepper assists absorption. Turmeric only stays in the system for about eight hours so supposed to be taken 2/3 times a day in small amounts, starting at 1/4 teaspoon and gradually increasing. I have made up the paste for Ben, more in desperation than hope. He is on Previcox and Gabapentin but still limps with an arthritic shoulder and now he is exhibiting weakness in his back legs. I am fearing the worst and I think a vet visit about his back legs is needed. Apparently The main benefit of turmeric is that it is an anti inflammatory.